Turf toe is an injury stemming from a soft tissue trauma (ligament, tendon, joint capsule) surrounding the big toe joint when it is bent too far up. In other words, hyperextending your big toe or applying sharp pressure to the area might lead to the famous sprain.
Pathologies
Tarsal Coalition
Congenital pathology that is observed by the fusion of two bones. The fusion can be bony, cartilaginous, or fibrous in nature. A typical case is that of an adolescent with flat feet who has pain during physical activities. A common presentation is that of sharp pains that occur during activities on uneven terrain such as trails, sand, or snow.
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Posterior Tibial Tendon dysfunction
The posterior tibial muscle performs several essential functions which allow for foot movement and the support of the plantar arch during walking. Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction refers to the progressive collapse of the medial arch resulting from chronic tendon degeneration. One may notice unusual tightness, pain or swelling around the ankle or under the arch of your foot or a throbbing sensation after exercise.
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Hallux abducto-valgus (bunion)
Hallux abducto-valgus (HAV) is a joint deformity where the first metatarsal moves away from the second metatarsal, causing the deviation of the big toe and a bump on the inner side of the foot. The most common symptoms are inflammation, joint pain and sensitivity with walking, ingrown toenail or subsequent deformity and pain under the second toe.
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Retrocalcaneal bursitis
One of the most common causes of pain and swelling on the back of the heel is retrocalcaneal bursitis. It occurs when the bursa attached deep between the heel bone (calcaneus) and the Achilles tendon becomes inflamed. An ultrasound will help eliminate other diagnoses and show enlargement of the bursa and its synovial membrane. A fluid aspiration may help determine a bacterial infection or arthritic condition.
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Plantar fasciitis
Plantar fasciitis is an inflammation of the plantar fascia. This very important structure connects the heel to the toes, maintains the arches of the foot, and allows for efficient walking. If the plantar fascia is stretched beyond its elastic capacity, tears will occur causing inflammation and pain. Both direct trauma and repetitive movements can result in plantar fasciitis.
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Tendinopathy
General term to designate a tendon injury. It will be necessary to determine with precision the disorder that afflicts you. Based on the clinical examination and with diagnostic ultrasound, we are able to distinguish between the following pathologies and propose an appropriate treatment plan for you. Tendinitis, tendinosis, tenosynovitis, and paratenonitis are different types of tendinopathy.
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Achilles Tendinopathy
The Achilles tendon connects the calf to the heel and its action primarily to flex the foot downward. With repetitive movements and overuse, the collagen fibers that make up the tendon can undergo fissures that can create inflammation, pain and swelling at the back of the ankle. It should be noted that there are two types of tendinitis: the insertional tendinitis and the mid-substance tendinitis.
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Sprained Ankle
An ankle sprain occurs when the ligaments that support the ankle joint are stretched or torn due to a sudden movement beyond its range of motion. Sprains are classified into grades based on the severity of the damage to the ligaments. Treatment varies accordingly. This highlights the relevance of diagnostic ultrasound to accurately target and assess the damaged structures to establish a prognosis for returning to activities.
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